Arithmetical practicing-cards



w. P. JOYCE.

ARITHMETICAL PRACTICING CARDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25.1919.

1,323,986. V Patented Dec. 2,1919.

awuewlioz WZJa 0 MW%% Wane/a0 ViTILLIAM PATRICK JOYCE, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

ARITHMETICAL PRACTICING-CARDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 2, 1919.

Application filed March 25, 1919. Serial No. 284,917.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM PATRICK JOYCE, a citizen of the United States, residing in New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Arithmetical Practicing-Cards, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to provide means for so training the mind as to enable one to add numbers, columns of figures, etc, with accuracy and with great celerity.

For this purpose I provide a packof cards which are consecutively numbered, each card except-the first bearing also a number representing the sum of the'consecutive number of that card and the consecutive numbers of all of the preceding cards in the series. Any desired number of cards may be employed, say one hundred, and the consecutive numbers may be arranged in the center of the cards, while the numbers indicating the sum of the consecutive numbers may be arranged in the corners of the cards. By turning to any card in the series the desired information as to the sum of the consecutive number on that card and the consecutive numbers of all of the preceding cards may be readily ascertained but primarily the cards are intended as a means for training the mind to qulckly and accurately add numbers' of any kind without resorting 'to slow methods commonly used.

Experience has demonstrated" that after the the training afforded by the use of my cards long columns of figures can be'added as fast as recorded with the greatest facility; in fact the sum or total of the figures may be known and recorded immediately after the last figures of the column have been written.

In the accompanymg .draw1ngs:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a pack of arithmetical practice cards made in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 shows a series of the cards and indicates how the consecutivenumbers and the sum numbers are printed .thereon.

the reverse side of this number 75 is printed and the sum number 2850 is also printed. I

Fig. 6 is a view of the reverse side of the 7 5th card.

Fig. 7 indicates a column of figureswith the sum or total of these figures when added. I In using the cards for mental training the pupil is taught to glance at a series of cards in re lar order and as he roceeds to men- 7 P tally add the consecutive numbers, and at first as the addition proceeds, noting the sum of these numbers indicated on the last card examined, but afterward performing the op- 'and'without-making a record any numbers indicated on the cards. He may then be trained to deal with" still larger numbers, arbitrarily selected and not necessarily indicated on thecards until finally by constant or methodical practice the brain of the pupil is so trained that he can quickly add any numbers as fast as indicated or recorded.

tically permanent, but the mental condition which gives facility in adding is best retained by from time to time practicing with the cards.

' It will be observed that the cards on their frontfaces are numbered consecutively from 1' to 100 and that each card contains a sum number. Where the pupil goes through the whole pack of cards, adding as he proceeds,

card number 1 will then be on the bottom of the pack and card 100 on the top of the pack. I refer to print on the backs of the cards int e pack-consecutive numbers from 101 to 200 so that the pupil can, while arranging the cards in proper numerical order from 1 to 100, dealwith cards arranged in regular order or series from 101 to 200, so that. when he ets to the two-hundredth card by reversing t e pack he will have a pack of This training when onceperfected is prac- 7 cards numbered consecutively from 1 to 100 as before. If the pupil is a beginner in the training he should be taught not to attempt to add the three figures of each consecutive number, but to only use the first and second figures. Afterward hef may' practice with 1 112 is printed.

' scribed can start at the top and quickly pass.

I verifying the additions when practicing with simple numbers, and a simple arrange V y 7 numbers are dealt with extending beyondthree figures in the manner beforedescribed. Figs. 3 and 4:. of the drawings show the front and rear sides of the card A, which is the first card in the pack. Figs. 5 and 6 show the front and rear sides of the seventy fifth card B in the series, and it will be observed thaton the back of the seventy-fifth fromone number to i the next, adding the whole-of that number to the wholei'of theneXt number and so on to the bottom and then immediately. record, the total,: ;i t not-being. necessary a sgis commonly thecase to add one vertical rOWof figures, record; this sum, then the next row, and

so on.

v Itrwillbe understood thatithe cards are not used to assist in' adding figures or co1 I umns of figures, but are employed to train thermind of the pupilwlio uses them for practice purposes to obtain facility and "ac;v i curacy so. that he may, whenever occa-r s1 on requires, add numbers or columns of figures, either large or small, as it were intuitively, or certainly so quickly or with such ease as toseemlngly be intu tive.

The sum numbers of the cards are service? able especially for beginners,ffor instance in Inentof cards.- 7 V i It will be observed that in my system,

the number 9. In ordinary additionsingle numberstfrom l to 9.) are added when adding up acolumn of figures, whereas in my system the pupil is trainedto deal with ows a column of plurality of numbers in each line of digits. Forinstance, he will addthe'number 26 to the number by one operation instead of first recordingfi and then 5 and saying 11, carrying 1, adding 1. to 5,'saying' 6,:then adding2 to 6 and saying 81', he will add the "numbers 26 and 55 simultaneously, obtaining 81 by one operation. The same rule is followed with three numbers, the-pupil being taught after havingpracticed with smaller numbers to add three numbers simultaneously. tem one'hundred cards, consecutively numbered, in the manner before explained as these cards are suifioient'for the mental trainingwhich will give facility in addingnum I preferably, however, use in my sys bers of any kind. The'manipulation of the pecially with beginners. j i r The sum-number on each card serves, as a cards assistsmaterially inthe trainin record to show the total of the cards ex-:

amined whenone has gonepart way through the pack and is for any reason interrupted or delayed. V a v I claim as my invention l. A series of cards for practicing additionlwhich have printed on their frontfaces numbers arranged consecutively in regular order. from'first to last and each of which except the first "has printed on itsfront face, in addition to its consecutivenumbei a number indicatingthe sum of the eonsecu tlve number thereon and the consecutive numbers on. all the preceding cards in the series.

I p v a V v 2. A series of cards forpracticing add1- I tion whlchhaveprinted ontheir front faces numbers arranged consecutively in regular order vfron'liiirst to lastv and each of which exceptthe first has printed on its front'face,

in: addition to its consecutive number a :numberinchcatmg thesunr of the consecutive numberl thereon; and the consecutive numbers on all the'preceding cards in e series, andeach of saidcards havingpr onits backanother separate number wl rich isgonejof a different'series-of numbers starting from thelfirst card of the first series. r In testlmony whereof, l -have hereunto subscribed my name. 7 1

; WILLIAM rare-rel; mm. i 

